Understanding the Relative Roles of Salmon Spawner Enrichment and Disturbance: A High-Frequency, Multi-Habitat Field and Modeling Approach

Organisms exert multiple, often-contrasting, influences on ecosystems. Migrating Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) deliver nutrients to freshwater ecosystems, but also disturb benthic sediments during upstream migration and nest building. The relative importance of these contrasting roles is not well understood, especially not in relation to the temporal dynamics of other environmental drivers. To assess the influence of salmon-mediated...