Commercially approved vaccines for canine leishmaniosis: a review of available data on their safety and efficacy

Canine leishmaniosis is an important vector‐borne zoonosis caused mainly by Leishmania infantum . Diagnosis and treatment of affected individuals can be particularly complex, hindering infection control in endemic areas. Methods to prevent canine leishmaniosis include the use of topical insecticides, prophylactic immunotherapy and vaccination. Four vaccines against canine leishmaniosis have been licensed since 2004, two in Brazil (Leishmune®,...