Duration and Life-Stage of Antibiotic Use and Risks of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality

Rationale: The overuse of antibiotics has been an important clinical issue, and antibiotic exposure is linked to alterations in gut microbiota, which has been related to risks of various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Also, duration of antibiotic exposure may be a risk factor of premature death. Objective: We investigated associations of life-stage and duration of antibiotic use during adulthood with risks of...