Hydrogen effect on lean flammability limits and burning characteristics of an isooctane–air mixture

The flammability limit is a hurdle to realizing ultra-lean combustion and achieving high thermal efficiency in spark ignition engines. Hydrogen, known for its wide explosion limits, has been utilized in gasoline to improve the lean limit. The influence of hydrogen on lean flammability limits of isooctane was studied at initial temperatures of 393–513 K and an ignition energy (IE) of 3000 mJ, while the burning characteristics were studied at an...