Effects of Aluminum on the Integrity of the Intestinal Epithelium: An in Vitro and in Vivo Study

Background: Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant and ubiquitous metal in the environment. The main route of human exposure to Al is through food and water intake. Although human exposure to Al is common, the influence of Al on the gastrointestinal tract remains poorly understood. Objectives: We aimed to further understand the toxic effect of Al and to elucidate the underlying cellular mechanisms in the intestinal barrier. Methods: The human...