Associations of Apolipoprotein E ε4 Genotype and Ball Heading With Verbal Memory in Amateur Soccer Players

Importance

Emerging evidence suggests that long-term exposure to ball heading in soccer, the most popular sport in the world, confers risk for adverse cognitive outcomes. However, the extent to which the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOEε4) allele, a common risk factor for neurodegeneration, and ball heading are associated with cognition in soccer players remains unknown.

Objective

To determine whether theAPOEε4 allele...