Wing Morphology and Body Design in Opsiphanes and Caligo Butterflies Match the Demands of Male Mating Displays (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

There is noticeable variation in male mate-seeking behavior among species of Brassolini butterflies. Males of Opsiphanes Doubleday and Caligo Hübner (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) species perform crepuscular displays along forest edges and in light gaps. While male Opsiphanes perform aerial displays, Caligo males perch and wait for receptive females. A comparison of five species of each genus suggests that male display behavior is associated with,...