What mechanistic factors affect thelytokous parthenogenesis in Apis mellifera caponises queens?

The Cape honey bee (Capensis) is unusual in that workers can produce viable female offspring via thelytokous parthenogenesis. In contrast, mated queens never reproduce thelytokously, even though they could benefit from doing so when generating daughter queens. Nonetheless, virgin Capensis queens induced to lay without mating by CO2 narcosis produce a high proportion of thelytokous eggs, and instrumentally inseminated queens produce triploid...