Role of Estrogen in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Data

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and the cardiovascular complications associated with this disease, are rapidly increasing worldwide. Individuals with diabetes have a higher mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases and a reduced life expectancy compared to those without diabetes. This poses a significant economic burden on health-care systems worldwide, making the diabetes epidemic a global health crisis. Sex differences...