Bioremediation of Unconventional Oil Contaminated Ecosystems under Natural and Assisted Conditions: A Review

It is a general understanding that unconventional oil is petroleum-extracted and processed into petroleum products using unconventional means. The recent growth in the United States shale oil production and the lack of refineries in Canada built for heavy crude processes have resulted in a significant increase in U.S imports of unconventional oil since 2018. This has increased the risk of incidents and catastrophic emergencies during the...