Physiological responses to gravity in an insect

Significance While it has long been known that vertebrates rely on compensatory responses to gravity with changing body orientation, this topic has not been previously studied in invertebrates. Here, we use synchrotron X-ray imaging and radio-tracing to demonstrate that body orientation has dramatic effects on hemolymph and air distribution in grasshoppers, and that grasshoppers exhibit similar physiological responses to gravity as vertebrates....