Trace fossils as proxy for biotic recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction: A critical review

Trace fossils represent records of the activity of both epifaunal and infaunal animals, providing significant information for a deeper understanding of Earth's past environments and ecosystems. Increasingly, more and more ichno-metrics (quantitative ichnological indicators) have been proposed and applied to critical geological intervals as a methodology to assess the mechanisms and timing of biotic recoveries following mass extinctions. However,...