Valorization of hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase: pathways towards commercial viability

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical conversion technology that shows promising commercial potential for the production of biocrude oil from wet biomass. However, the inevitable production of the hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase (HTL-AP) acts as a double-edged sword: it is considered a waste stream that without additional treatment clouds the future scale-up prospects of HTL technology; on the other hand, it also offers...