Changes in drug and alcohol-related mortality by educational status during the 2008–2011 economic crisis: Results from a Spanish longitudinal study

The objective was to assess changes in drug- and alcohol-related mortality by educational attainment during the last financial crisis in Spain. Data came from the 2001 Census Longitudinal Study. We included 22.2 million residents in Spain aged ≥35 at census date followed-up until December 2011. Outcomes were drug-related mortality (DRM) and deaths directly attributable to alcohol (DDA). Mortality risks before and during the crisis were assessed...