Investigation of water injection benefits on downsized boosted direct injection spark ignition engine

Engine downsizing and boosting are key technologies to achieve the increasingly stringent emissions standards for spark ignition (SI) engines. However, knock is a major obstacle inhibiting further downsizing of SI engines. Water injection is a promising technology that has regained attention recently to solve the knock problem. In this paper, a 1.5L turbocharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine was modified by installing a water port...