Leveraging Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to Identify and Treat Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure

Complaints of exertional intolerance and dyspnea initiate a cadre of medical examinations to diagnose left ventricular impairments characteristic of left-sided heart failure (HF). In many cases, the progression and efficacy of pharmacologic treatment of HF focus on quantifying left ventricular functional and structural responses. Accordingly, the emphasis of the broader systemic consequences of HF may be underappreciated; in particular, the...