Evaluation of the vulnerability of a leaky aquifer considering the retardation effect of an aquitard for specific pollutants: case study in the Tongzhou Plain, China

The effect of an aquitard above a leaky aquifer on retarding characteristic pollutants is very important for evaluating groundwater vulnerability. A case study is presented of the leaky aquifer in the Tongzhou Plain of China. On the basis of analyses of the environmental and hydrogeological characteristics of the study area, an indicator system to evaluate the leaky aquifer’s vulnerability was constructed, comprising eight indicators: the depth...