Toxicity of imidacloprid to the earthworm Eisenia andrei and collembolan Folsomia candida in three contrasting tropical soils

Imidacloprid is a widely used seed dressing insecticide in Brazil. However, the effects of this pesticide on non-target organisms such as soil fauna still present some knowledge gaps in tropical soils. This study aimed to assess the toxicity and risk of imidacloprid to earthworms Eisenia andrei and collembolans Folsomia candida in three contrasting Brazilian tropical soils. Acute and chronic toxicity assays were performed in the laboratory with...