Effects of Excess Manganese on the Oxidative Status, and the Expression of Inflammatory Factors and Heat Shock Proteins in Cock Kidneys

Manganese (Mn) can have adverse effects on organisms as a result of heavy or chronic exposure, including neurological damage. This study examined the effects of chronic exposure to manganese chloride (MnCl2) on various biochemical indices of inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant enzymes, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the kidneys of Hy-line cocks. The exposures were carried out using 600, 900, or 1800 mg/kg doses of MnCl2 administered for...