Spatial and seasonal variations of chloramphenicol resistance genes and their co-occurring analysis with bacteria in a typical mangrove area of Hainan island, China

Antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been found worldwide. Chloramphenicol, one of antibiotics, had been banned for its use in breeding industry in many countries. The status about chloramphenicol resistance genes (CRGs) in mangrove ecosystems is still unknown. In the present study, quantitative PCR was employed to investigate the abundance of CRGs. The residual determination of chloramphenicols was performed via...