Assessing middle school dual language learners' and English-only students' motivation to participate in classroom discussion

This study investigated the constructs contributing to individual differences in Dual Language Learners' (DLL) and English-only (EO) students' (M age = 12.19; SD = 0.325) motivation to participate in classroom discussion. Study 1 describes the development of a 20-item measure, the Motivation for Classroom Discussion Questionnaire (MCD-Q). A focus group (Study 1a n = 11) evaluated the MCD-Q items. Data reduction techniques reduced the items to...