Demystifying Smoker's Paradox: A Propensity Score–Weighted Analysis in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Heart Failure

Background Smoker's paradox has been observed with several vascular disorders, yet there are limited data in patients with acute heart failure ( HF ). We examined the effects of smoking in patients with acute HF using data from a large multicenter registry. The objective was to determine if the design and analytic approach could explain the smoker's paradox in acute HF mortality. Methods and Results The data were sourced from the acute HF...