A family affair: resistance mechanism and alternative control of three Amaranthus species resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibitors in Italy

BACKGROUND Several soybean fields in Italy were found to be infested by multiple species of Amaranthus spp. not adequately controlled by acetolactate (ALS) inhibitor herbicides. The objectives of this research were (i) to create a simplified botanical key to identify weedy amaranths; (ii) to determine the number and type of sites of action the accession are resistant to, i.e . resistance pattern; and (iii) to determine the main resistance...