Modelling of gas injection into a viscous liquid through a top-submerged lance

The hydrodynamics of a gas-viscous liquid flow is numerically studied by coupling the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method with the Renormalization Group (RNG) k-ɛ model or Large Eddy Simulation (LES) (VOF-RNG or VOF-LES). The simulations are validated by Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Averaged flow features are predicted by 2D and 3D VOF-RNG/LES models. Only the 3D VOF-LES model predicts the velocity fluctuation well. The Dynamic...