Development of Cerebral Endoscopy in Italy: Background, Narration, and Legacy

Bibliometric analysis shows that neuroendoscopy (NE) overcame its pioneering phase in the late 1980s, and became a significant technological and clinical innovation in the early 1990s. During those years the charge-coupled device digital video cameras were introduced and videoendoscopy had its decisive breakthrough, laying the foundation for NE take-off. NE can be considered an early product of artificial intelligence, as much as neuroimaging...