Scalable and cost-effective generation of osteogenic micro-tissues through the incorporation of inorganic microparticles within mesenchymal stem cell spheroids

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered primary candidates for treating complex bone defects in cell-based therapy and tissue engineering. Compared with monolayer cultures, spheroid cultures of MSCs (mesenspheres) are favorable due to their increased potential for differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, paracrine activity, and in vivo engraftment. Here, we present a strategy for the incorporation of microparticles for the...