Development of Implicit Links Between Effort, Pain, and Recovery

This article describes three studies that examined Japanese children’s and adults’ intuitive perceptions regarding the links between pain, effort, and healing. A total of 79 six‐year‐olds, 81 nine‐year‐olds, 74 twelve‐year‐olds, and 66 adults were presented with scenarios involving modern and traditional medical interventions and were examined with regard to how the level of pain and effort presented in the scenarios influenced their views of...