Safe use of nivolumab in a patient with renal cell carcinoma and hepatitis B

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors gains a major role in bladder cancer. Because of the treatment's immune modulatory effects, patients may develop hepatitis. Hepatitis B was an exclusion criterion in clinical trials that investigated nivolumab. Therefore, its effects and risk of hepatitis B reactivation in nivolumab are not clinically investigated in renal cell carcinoma patients with hepatitis B.In this case report, we presented a...