Fluorescence-guided hepatobiliary surgery with long and short wavelength fluorophores

Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is a potentially powerful tool for hepatobiliary (HPB) surgery. The high sensitivity of fluorescence navigation is especially useful in settings where tactile feedback is limited.The present narrative review evaluates literature on the use of FDA-approved fluorophores such as methylene blue (MB), 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), and indocyanine green (ICG) for clinical intra-operative image-guidance during HPB...