The roles of particles in enhancing membrane filtration: A review

Particles suspended within feed flow or added into membrane-filtration systems may behave as foulant or fouling mitigation agent. The fine boundary between these two roles warrant attention to promote the beneficial role of particles and avoid their undermining impact. The particle back-transport phenomenon is first elucidated, then the four possible enhancing roles of particles in membrane-filtration systems are discussed, namely, mechanical...