Old friends and friendly fire: Pregnancy, hookworm infection, and anemia among tropical horticulturalists

Objectives Despite public health concerns about hookworm infection in pregnancy, little is known about immune profiles associated with hookworm ( Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale ) infection during pregnancy. Fetal tolerance requirements may constrain maternal immune response to hookworm, thereby increasing susceptibility to new infections or increasing hemoglobin loss. To explore this possibility, we study systemic immune response...