Application of zeolite filters in fish breeding recirculation systems and their effect on nitrifying bacteria

Water management becomes increasingly important issue worldwide. Its usage and sustainability are widely discussed in fish breeding industry. The content of ammonium ions (NH4+) produced by fish metabolism is unfavourable for the fish stock and requires frequent water change. However, water pollution can be reduced by using zeolite materials capable of removing ammonium cations more efficiently than nitrifying bacteria used in biological filters...