Ketone body metabolism in diabetic and non-diabetic heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, causing large disease and economic burden worldwide. Impaired metabolic balance has been confirmed as a significant aspect of HF, and alteration of substrate utilization plays a vital role in the development of HF. Diabetes mellitus is strictly related with HF, and patients with diabetes show a higher mortality and morbidity of HF. Furthermore, HF patients and animals with...