Comparison of a stand-alone surface renewal method to weighing lysimetry and eddy covariance for determining vineyard evapotranspiration and vine water stress

Surface renewal (SR) is a biometeorological technique that uses high-frequency air temperature measurements above a plant canopy to estimate sensible heat flux. The sensible heat flux is then used to estimate latent heat flux as the residual of a surface energy balance equation. SR previously relied on calibration against other methods (e.g., eddy covariance) to obtain accurate measurements of sensible heat flux, and this need for calibration...