Characterization of particulate matter emitted by a marine engine operated with liquefied natural gas and diesel fuels

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is becoming increasingly popular as a marine fuel as emission regulations become more stringent. However, very little data are available on the particulate matter (PM) emissions of modern marine natural gas engines. In this study, we present a first detailed characterization of the composition of the PM emitted by a modern, in-use, natural-gas-powered vessel. The vessel engines use compression-ignition and only a...