Inhibitory effects of 4-hydroperoxy-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester on phorbol ester- and TGF-β1-induced MMPs expression

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), zinc-containing proteinases, play a critical role in tumour progression by degrading extracellular matrix components. MMP2 and MMP9 are secreted from tumour-associated macrophages as well as tumour cells and have been implicated in the formation of the tumour microenvironment. Therefore, the inhibition of these MMPs may suppress tumour progression and metastasis. 4-Hydroperoxy-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester...