Systemic gut microbial metabolites limit the anti-tumour effect of CTLA-4 blockade in hosts with cancer

Background null Gut microbiota composition might influence the clinical benefit of immune checkpoints in patients with advanced cancer but mechanisms underlying this relationship remained unclear. Molecular mechanism whereby the gut microbiota influences immune responses is mainly assigned to gut microbial metabolites. The main metabolites of the gut microbiota are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced in large amounts in the colon...