Circulating PD-L1 levels vary across brain tumour entities and are oppositely linked to survival in glioblastoma and lower grade glioma patients

Background null Immune therapies targeting the programmed cell death receptor (ligand) 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis have shown remarkable activity in a variety of solid tumors. While substantial responses were observed in asymptomatic patients with brain metastases (BM), their clinical activity in primary brain tumors remains limited. In a cohort of adult brain tumor patients, we aimed to analyze soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) levels in patient plasma as a...