The fate of chlorine during MSW incineration: Vaporization, transformation, deposition, corrosion and remedies

Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plays an important role in waste treatment systems throughout the world, due to the advantages of fast volume reduction by 80–90%, heat recovery, and power generation. However, waste-to-energy (WtE) plants have low electrical efficiency of 15–25%, due to the low steam temperature and pressure used in order to minimize boiler deposition and corrosion problems. Undoubtedly, the high Cl-content in MSW is the...