Phenotypic integration and modularity drives skull shape divergence in the Arctic fox ( Vulpes lagopus ) from the Commander Islands

Phenotypic integration and modularity influence morphological disparity and evolvability. However, studies addressing how morphological integration and modularity change for long periods of genetic isolation are scarce. Here, we investigate patterns of phenotypic integration and modularity in the skull of phenotypically and genetically distinct populations of the Artic fox (Vulpes lagopus) from the Commander Islands of the Aleutian belt (i.e....