Commensal gut microbiota can modulate adaptive immune responses in chickens vaccinated with whole inactivated avian influenza virus subtype H9N2

Variations in the composition of commensal gut microbiota have been reported to be major contributors to differences in responses to vaccination among individuals. In chickens, there is limited information on the role of gut microbiota in responses to vaccination. The current study studied the role of gut microbiota in cell- and antibody-mediated immune responses to vaccination with a whole inactivated avian influenza virus, subtype H9N2. A...