Evaluating rider steering responses to an unexpected collision hazard using a motorcycle riding simulator

Motorcycle rider steer responses to unexpected collision emergencies have not been studied experimentally. We used a motorcycle simulator with elastic steer mechanism and modified car driving model to simulate the input-output counter steering response of two-wheeled vehicles in combination with a car pop-up paradigm from driving studies to evaluate rider responses to unexpected collision hazards. We manipulated time-to-crash – either 1 s or 1.5...