Non-coding RNAs as biomarkers in liquid biopsies with a special emphasis on extracellular vesicles in urological malignancies

Introduction: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important regulators of cellular signaling in tumor-related processes. They can not only be detected in tumor tissues, but also in body fluids. ncRNAs are released into circulation as cell-free RNAs in at least two ways: bound to proteins like Ago2 or packed in extracellular vesicles (EV). Therefore, they have a great potential to serve as biomarkers in liquid biopsies. This review gives an overview of...