Using Confidence Intervals of the Item and Test Information Functions to Test Differential Item and Test Functioning: Visual and Statistical Analyses.

The purpose of the present paper was twofold: (a) to use 95% confidence intervals of the item and test information functions as a means of visualizing differences between groups on the information provided at the item and test levels, and, (b) to statistically compare item and test information functions as a method for evaluating differential item and differential test functioning. Participants were 2,305 high school students who took a...