Intragastric delivery of recombinant Lactococcus lactis displaying ectodomain of influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) and neuraminidase (NA) induced focused mucosal and systemic immune responses in chickens

Compounding with the problem of frequent antigenic shift and occasional drift of the segmented genome of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV), vaccines based on major surface glycoproteins such as haemagglutinin (HA) to counter heterosubtypic AIV infection in chickens remain unsuccessful. In contrast, neuraminidase (NA), the second most abundant surface glycoprotein present in viral capsid is less mutable and, in some instances, successful in eliciting...