The effect of canopy openness of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests on ground‐dwelling spider communities

The composition of spider communities in forests is affected by habitat characteristics, such as canopy openness, vegetation cover or tree species diversity; therefore, we assume that the effect of canopy will differ among tree species. As research in European beech forests has not been conducted, we studied the effect of understory environmental characteristics associated with a gradient of overstory canopy openness in beech forest on...