Structural perspectives on HIV‐1 Vif and APOBEC3 restriction factor interactions

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retroviral pathogen that targets human immune cells such as CD4 + T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The human apo lipoprotein B mRNA‐ e diting c atalytic polypeptide 3 (APOBEC3 or A3) cytidine deaminases are a key class of intrinsic restriction factors that inhibit replication of HIV. When HIV‐1 enters the cell, the immune system responds by inducing the activation of the A3 family proteins, which...