Alcohol consumption or cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease risk in youth with type 1 diabetes

To assess the association between alcohol consumption and/or cigarette smoking with other unhealthy behaviors and clinical cardiovascular risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes. Two hundred and twenty-eight youth with type 1 diabetes (age 13–19 years) were consecutively enrolled in three Regional Pediatric Diabetes Centers in Italy. Demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle (adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern and sports participation)...