Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression by activating PPARα and autophagy in human endothelial cells

Inflammation plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is recognized to fight against CVD. PPARα belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and can interfere with inflammatory processes. Autophagy can degrade inflammasome proteins and counteract inflammation. Overexpression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1 in endothelial cells contributes to monocyte migration into the...