Immune Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis by Helminths and Their Molecules

Infection with various parasitic helminth species induces type 2 immunity and is associated with reduced insulin resistance and a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in populations living in endemic areas. Both nematode and trematode infection, as well as some helminth-derived (single) molecules, induce type 2 immunity in metabolic tissues and improve whole-body metabolic homeostasis in obese mice. However, the exact...